Numerous physical systems, such as magnetohydrodynamics
and electromagnetics to name a few, rely on the evolution of vector fields.
The vector fields have the special property that if the
vector field is divergence-free at one point of time (which it is)
then it will remain divergence-free for all later times. It is well-known
that the build up of numerically generated divergence
results in a loss of physical consistency. Such systems rely on a Stokes-law
type of update equation. It is shown that the update can be formulated
so that the vector field remains divergence-free.
Further challenges arise when trying
to do adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) for such systems. The process of carrying
out divergence-free prolongation across meshes forces one to make fundamental
innovations in the divergence-free reconstruction of vector fields. It
is shown that by the use of such innovations, one can arrive at an AMR
strategy for MHD that is truly divergence-free. It will also be shown that
these innovations carry over to triangulated (and tetrahedral) meshes.
The innovations also yield new, interesting, multidimensional schemes
for MHD.