1D spectral estimates and quantitative propagation of smallness in the plane

We investigate the connection between the propagation of smallness in two dimensions and one-dimensional spectral estimates. The phenomenon of smallness propagation in the plane, originally obtained by Yuzhe Zhu, reveals how the value of solutions in a small region extends to a larger domain. By revisiting Zhu’s proof, we obtain a quantitative version that includes an explicit dependence on key parameters. This refinement enables us to establish spectral inequalities for one-dimensional Schrödinger operators.